Tanzania

Underneath the grandeur of Mount Kilimanjaro and amidst the rhythm of Swahili culture, Tanzania unfurls an unexpected invitation to the modern digital nomad. With its progressive growth in technology, infrastructure, and an ever-improving internet connectivity, this East African gem has reinvented itself as an attractive destination for those seeking a unique blend of work and adventure.

Tanzania beckons with a call of untamed wilderness that the Serengeti embodies, the historical narratives of Stone Town in Zanzibar, and the underwater spectacles found in the Indian Ocean’s depths. But it’s the burgeoning cosmopolitan hubs of Dar es Salaam and Arusha that truly cater to the nomadic lifestyle with their fusion of traditional Swahili charm and modern living.

Internet connectivity in Tanzania, once a cause for concern, has seen marked improvement over the years. Fiber-optic cables now serve urban centers, and mobile internet coverage is extensive, reaching even the most remote Maasai village. Co-working spaces have also begun to sprout across the major cities, offering high-speed internet and networking opportunities with a diverse array of professionals.

I. The Basics

Cost of Living

Tanzania offers a cost of living that can be quite affordable compared to many western countries. Here’s a quick rundown:

1. Housing: The cost of housing can vary significantly, depending on the location and type of accommodations. In the city center of Dar es Salaam, a one-bedroom apartment might cost around $400 to $700 per month. However, more economical options can be found in the suburbs or other cities.
2. Food: Local markets are an economical way to shop for fresh fruits, vegetables, and staple foods. A meal at an inexpensive restaurant might cost around $2 to $5, while a three-course meal at a mid-range restaurant might be around $15 to $20 per person.
3. Transportation: Public transportation is quite affordable, with a one-way local transport ticket costing less than $0.5. Taxis and Bajaj (auto-rickshaw) are also available and are fairly economical for short distances.
4. Utilities: Basic utilities for an apartment (electricity, heating, cooling, water, garbage) might cost around $30 to $50 per month.

Connectivity and Infrastructure

Over the past decade, Tanzania has prioritized improving its digital infrastructure. In cities like Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and Dodoma, you’ll find fairly reliable high-speed internet connections, with fiber optic services and 4G networks available. Internet cafes are common in urban areas and can provide a fallback option if needed.

Infrastructure development has been a major government focus, especially with the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 initiative. The country has seen growth in sectors like transportation, with the expansion of roads, ports, and railways. Urban areas are fairly well-developed and growing, with continuous upgrades to utilities and public services. However, it’s worth noting that rural regions might still have challenges in terms of reliable electricity and access to clean water.

Healthcare

Healthcare in Tanzania varies widely between urban and rural areas, as well as public and private facilities. Urban areas have a number of private hospitals and clinics that offer high-quality healthcare services comparable to international standards. These include the Aga Khan Hospital in Dar es Salaam and the Selian Lutheran Hospital in Arusha.

Public hospitals and health centers are more common, particularly in rural areas, but are often under-resourced, and waiting times can be long. Medical staff in public hospitals are generally well-trained, but the facilities might lack advanced diagnostic equipment.

A key factor to consider for healthcare in Tanzania is the risk of infectious diseases, including malaria and dengue fever. Vaccinations for diseases such as yellow fever, typhoid, and hepatitis A and B are recommended.

Given these factors, comprehensive health insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation is highly recommended. It’s also advisable to have a supply of essential medications, as specific drugs might not always be readily available.

Safety

Safety is a nuanced topic in Tanzania. Generally, Tanzanians are known for their friendliness and hospitality, and many expats and travelers feel quite safe during their stay. Major cities, while bustling and busy, are generally safe during the day. However, as with any city, certain areas might be less safe at night.

Petty crimes, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, do occur, particularly in crowded places like markets or bus stations. Basic precautions such as not displaying valuable items and being aware of your surroundings can significantly reduce risks. More serious crimes are less common but not unheard of. It’s advised to avoid isolated areas, particularly after dark, and to use reputable taxi companies or ride-hailing apps for transportation.

Tanzania is politically stable, with conflicts being rare. However, it’s advisable to keep up-to-date with local news and avoid political gatherings or demonstrations, which can occasionally turn volatile.

In terms of natural hazards, Tanzania has periodic bouts of drought, and the country also lies in an earthquake zone. The coastal areas can experience heavy rains during the monsoon seasons, while areas near volcanic mountains like Kilimanjaro and Meru have potential volcanic risks. Therefore, having a plan in case of such emergencies can be prudent.

II. Living in Tanzania as a Digital Nomad

Climate

Tanzania has a tropical climate but varies depending on the region and altitude. The coastal regions, including Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, experience hot and humid conditions with average temperatures ranging between 25°C (77°F) and 31°C (88°F). The rainy season here extends from March to May, with a shorter spell of rain from November to December.

The northern and central regions of Tanzania, where cities like Arusha and Dodoma are located, have a semi-arid climate. Temperatures are warm during the day and can drop significantly at night. Rainfall is less predictable here, but the rainy seasons generally align with those of the coast.

The highland regions, including the areas around Mount Kilimanjaro and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, can be significantly cooler, with temperatures ranging from 10°C (50°F) to 20°C (68°F). These areas also have their own microclimates due to the altitude, and it can be chilly at night.

Nature

Tanzania is a nature lover’s paradise, boasting some of the most impressive natural attractions in the world. It is home to 16 national parks, including the Serengeti National Park, renowned for its annual wildebeest migration, and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, which houses a large volcanic caldera teeming with wildlife.

Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest peak, provides opportunities for hiking and mountaineering. The country’s eastern border is defined by the Indian Ocean, with the island of Zanzibar offering pristine beaches and coral reefs for snorkeling and diving.

Tanzania also has a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including big game animals like lions, elephants, and giraffes, as well as over 1,000 bird species, making it a popular destination for birdwatchers.

Lifestyle

Tanzanian lifestyle is a blend of traditional and modern influences. In urban areas, you’ll find a cosmopolitan feel with modern amenities, shopping malls, and a vibrant art scene. Rural areas are more laid-back, with lifestyle revolving around local communities and agriculture.

The cuisine is a delightful mix of indigenous, Arabic, and Indian influences. Staple foods include ugali (maize porridge), rice, and chapati (flatbread), often served with beans, fish, meat, or vegetables. Fresh fruits like mangoes, bananas, and avocados are abundant. The coastal and Zanzibar cuisines feature delicious seafood and prominent use of coconut and spices.

Nightlife in Tanzania varies from city to city. Dar es Salaam is known for its vibrant nightlife with numerous bars, clubs, and beach parties. Live music is popular, including Bongo Flava (the Tanzanian hip hop scene), Taarab (a fusion of Swahili tunes, Arabic music, and Indian beats), and traditional tribal music. In contrast, smaller towns and rural areas have a quieter nightlife, often centered around local bars and restaurants.

Culture

Tanzanian culture is a rich mosaic, an amalgamation of more than 120 ethnic groups, each contributing unique elements to the cultural fabric. The majority population is of Bantu origin, with significant Arab, Indian, and European communities, creating a diverse cultural landscape. Traditional music and dance play an integral part in cultural celebrations and rituals, varying distinctly from tribe to tribe.

Tanzania’s history is equally rich and complex. The discovery of hominid fossils in Olduvai Gorge suggests the region may have been the cradle of humankind. Fast-forward several millennia, and the coastal region of Tanzania became a significant hub in the Indian Ocean trade network, bringing Arab, Persian, and later European influences.

Among the local attractions, the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Stone Town in Zanzibar, with its winding alleys and Arab-style houses, and the rock art sites of Kondoa Irangi, offer glimpses into the past. Historical sites linked to the colonial era, like the German Boma in Dar es Salaam, also tell tales of the country’s history.

Language

The official languages of Tanzania are Swahili (Kiswahili) and English. Swahili is the mother tongue for most Tanzanians and is used in daily communication. It’s also the language of instruction in primary schools. English is widely spoken in major cities, tourist areas, and by those in the business and tourism sectors, making it relatively easy for English-speaking visitors to communicate. However, learning a few phrases of Swahili can be immensely helpful, especially in rural areas, and is often appreciated by the locals.

While Tanzanians are known for their warmth and politeness, they also value respect and courtesy. Proper greetings are important in Tanzanian culture, and it’s common to ask about one’s family and wellbeing. It’s important to note that Tanzanian society is relatively conservative, particularly in rural areas and Zanzibar, so dressing modestly and respecting local customs is advised.

III. Cities to Consider

Dar es Salaam

As Tanzania’s largest city and economic hub, Dar es Salaam offers a blend of modern conveniences with local culture. It’s bustling with activity, from its vibrant markets to the high-rises downtown. The city’s diverse population brings a variety of culinary and cultural experiences. Its coastal location also offers beautiful beachfront and access to nearby islands such as Mbudya and Bongoyo.

Arusha

Known as the gateway to Tanzania’s northern safari circuit, Arusha is surrounded by some of Africa’s most famous landscapes and national parks, including Serengeti, Kilimanjaro, and Ngorongoro. The city itself is smaller and less chaotic than Dar es Salaam, offering a laid-back lifestyle with plenty of local markets, coffee shops, and restaurants.

Zanzibar

On the island of Zanzibar, the city (and particularly its ancient quarter, Stone Town) is a unique blend of Arabic, Indian, and African influences, visible in its architecture, food, and culture. From beautiful beaches and historical sites to spice plantations, Zanzibar City offers a unique lifestyle, albeit a more laid-back one than the mainland.

Dodoma

Dodoma, the capital of Tanzania, is situated in the heartland of the country. While it doesn’t have the hustle and bustle of Dar es Salaam, it’s seeing growth and development as the government has moved operations here. With wide, clean streets and less congestion, Dodoma offers a quieter, more relaxed lifestyle. The surrounding area is known for its vineyards, making it a nice location for wine lovers.

IV. Off the Beaten Track

For those wanting to stray from the beaten track, consider the following places:

Kigoma

Located on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, Kigoma is a tranquil town with breathtaking lake views. Despite being remote, it has decent internet connectivity and accommodation options. The town serves as a gateway to both Gombe Stream and Mahale Mountains National Parks, perfect for chimpanzee trekking on your days off.

Pangani

A sleepy Swahili coastal town, Pangani was once an important Arab and German trading port. Today, it’s a perfect spot for those looking for a quieter coastal experience. Here, you can enjoy pristine beaches, take a historical tour, or sail on a traditional dhow.

Kilwa Kisiwani

Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Kilwa Kisiwani was once a thriving Swahili trading city, with impressive ruins dating back to the 13th century. You can explore the ancient mosque, sultan’s palace, and other ruins. Accessible only by boat, it remains largely unvisited.

Moshi

While not entirely off the beaten path, Moshi is less known compared to Arusha for digital nomads. It sits in the shadow of Mount Kilimanjaro, offering amazing views. The town has a relaxed vibe, nice weather, and good internet connectivity, making it a great spot for digital nomads.

Lake Natron

Located in northern Tanzania, Lake Natron is off the usual tourist track. The lake is known for its pinkish-red hue, due to algae that thrive in its salty waters. It’s an important breeding site for flamingos and offers unique, otherworldly landscapes.

These places offer an escape from the typical tourist spots, providing a deeper understanding of Tanzania’s rich culture, history, and natural beauty. However, keep in mind that due to their remote locations, some may have fewer amenities and could require more complex travel arrangements.

V. Visas

Tanzania does not currently offer a specific digital nomad visa. However, there are other visa options available that may be suitable for those looking to stay and work remotely in Tanzania. Here’s an overview of these visa options, including the tourist visa and the business visa.

1. Tourist Visa

The tourist visa is intended for individuals visiting Tanzania for leisure, tourism, or other non-work-related purposes. This visa does not allow the holder to engage in any form of local employment but can be used by digital nomads to work remotely for foreign employers.

Process:

• Tourist visas can be applied for online through the official Tanzanian e-visa portal or obtained on arrival for citizens of most countries.
• Applicants must fill out the application form, submit the required documents, and pay the visa fee.

Documentation:

• A valid passport with at least six months of validity beyond the intended period of stay.
• Passport-sized photos.
• Proof of onward or return travel and proof of sufficient funds to cover the stay in Tanzania.
• Accommodation details and travel itinerary.

2. Business Visa

The business visa is designed for those who intend to engage in short-term business activities in Tanzania such as meetings, conferences, or business-related projects that do not constitute employment by a Tanzanian entity.

Process:

• Similar to the tourist visa, the business visa application can be completed online or obtained upon arrival.
• Specific information regarding the business activities and the local contact must be provided.

Documentation:

• Valid passport.
• Details of the Tanzanian company or business contacts.
• Invitation letter from the host company detailing the nature of the business visit.
• Proof of accommodation and financial means.

Visas can be obtained prior to travel from a Tanzanian embassy or consulate, or on arrival for many nationalities. However, it’s always best to check the latest information with a Tanzanian diplomatic mission in your home country.

VI. Tips for a Smooth Landing 

Accommodation

The hunt for housing in Tanzania will largely depend on your personal preferences and budget. Dar es Salaam, the country’s largest city, has a wide array of accommodations catering to diverse tastes. Masaki, Oyster Bay, and Msasani are upscale neighborhoods where you’ll find luxurious homes and apartments, popular among diplomats and wealthy expats. Amenities here include access to international schools, shopping malls, high-end restaurants, and private beach clubs.

For temporary accommodations or short-term stays, online platforms like Airbnb, Booking.com, or local websites like ZoomTanzania have numerous listings. For long-term rental or purchase, contacting local real estate agencies or checking local classifieds can provide more options.

Finances

Setting up a bank account in Tanzania can be a bit complicated, requiring paperwork including proof of residence and sometimes even a local reference. Therefore, many foreigners tend to continue using their home country accounts. Major international banks like Barclays and Standard Chartered have branches in Tanzania, providing seamless banking services.

Keep in mind that the Tanzanian economy is primarily cash-based, especially once you step out of the big cities. Credit cards are accepted in larger hotels, restaurants, and shops, but cash is king in most places, including local markets, small businesses, and public transportation. Always have a supply of local currency – Tanzanian Shilling.

Also, when dealing with foreign currency, note that Tanzania has a strict policy regarding US dollar bills. Older notes (earlier than 2006) or bills with any tears or markings may not be accepted due to concerns about counterfeiting. Therefore, ensure you carry newer bills.

Transport

In the heart of Dar es Salaam and Arusha, the ubiquitous daladalas, often brightly colored and blaring local music, offer a quintessential Tanzanian commute experience. They are cheap, but routes can be confusing for newcomers, and rush hour turns into a ‘squeeze-in’ adventure. For a more relaxed and private journey, taxis are a better choice. Uber operates in Dar es Salaam, but local app-based services like inDriver are gaining popularity. If you’re brave enough to navigate the Tanzanian roads, car rentals are available in major cities and at airports, but keep in mind, driving is on the left side.

Customs

Tanzanian culture values patience, politeness, and respect for elders. A quick “Jambo” or “Mambo” – basic greetings in Swahili – along with a smile can make a huge difference in your interactions. Handshakes are common, but always use the right hand, as the left is considered impure in many African cultures.

Most Tanzanians dress modestly, and as a visitor, you’re expected to do the same. This is particularly important for women who should avoid revealing outfits. In coastal areas and on the island of Zanzibar, where Islam is prevalent, modest dressing is even more important. Wearing knee-length (or longer) skirts or trousers and covering your shoulders is generally a good guideline.

Tanzania also operates on what’s locally known as “pole pole” (pronounced ‘po-lay po-lay’) which translates to “slowly slowly.” This relaxed approach to time may take some getting used to, especially if you’re from a fast-paced society. Meetings often start late, service may be slower than what you’re used to, and locals may spend what seems like an extravagant amount of time on greetings and small talk. Embrace this aspect of Tanzanian culture and adjust your expectations accordingly.

Finally, Tanzania, like many African nations, has a significant wealth gap, with areas of affluence often located near low-income neighborhoods. As a visitor, it’s important to approach this reality with sensitivity and respect. Try to contribute to the local economy by supporting local businesses – eat at local food stalls, buy from local markets, and consider hiring local guides for tours. Your stay in Tanzania shouldn’t just be a memorable experience for you, but also a beneficial encounter for the local communities.

VII. Verdict

Choosing Tanzania as your digital nomad base offers an unconventional work-life balance that’s hard to replicate. Picture starting your day with a sun-kissed morning, the hum of a bustling Dar es Salaam or the gentle rustling of an Arusha breeze serving as the day’s soundtrack. Work takes on a new dimension when interspersed with Swahili language lessons from friendly locals or lunch breaks featuring spicy local dishes, such as ugali or pilau.

Evenings, free from work, transform into thrilling adventures, from traversing Serengeti’s endless plains, watching spellbound as the sunset paints the Kilimanjaro in shades of gold and crimson, or taking a dip in the turquoise-hued waters of the Indian Ocean off Zanzibar’s coast. For the culturally inclined, opportunities abound to soak in Tanzania’s rich heritage, be it through the Maasai’s vibrant dances or the gentle rhythm of Taarab music emanating from Stone Town’s narrow alleys.

Cost of living, particularly housing, local transport, and food, is quite manageable, even for those on a limited budget. The variety of accommodations suits every pocket, from affordable rentals in buzzing local neighborhoods to luxurious villas in upscale suburbs.

Internet stability, while commendable in cities like Dar es Salaam and Arusha, can falter as you venture into remote or rural areas. For those whose work hinges on high-speed, reliable internet, this could pose an occasional obstacle. Similarly, healthcare facilities in larger cities offer satisfactory services, but the quality diminishes as you move away from urban centers. Therefore, ensuring you have comprehensive insurance that includes provisions for potential emergencies is critical.

Embracing Tanzania’s unique blend of work and adventure requires resilience and adaptability. The digital nomad life in Tanzania isn’t about seeking perfection but finding joy in the journey itself. It’s about thriving amidst occasional internet hiccups, savoring the vibrant street food despite a sudden downpour, and not minding the ‘pole pole’ pace because it gives you time to admire a sky studded with stars. Tanzania offers an enriching experience that goes beyond the conventional, extending the promise of memories that will linger long after your stay.